Colloquium on Space-Cyber Power

Summary

The Colloquium Conveners welcome the participants of the Colloquium organized by Indiana University Bloomington’s Space Governance Lab as part of the three-year project funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR): Toward an Integrated Theory of Space-Cyber Power. The Colloquium will be held remotely, to accommodate participants from across the nation on November 5-7, 2025.

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Theme

The Colloquium will discuss the foundations for the missing theory of space-cyber power: what power means in the 21st century, in an era of combined space-cyber theaters and operations, and how the U.S. can accumulate, project, and leverage space-cyber power for its defense and economic growth and to maintain and increase its influence.

A theory of space-cyber power may integrate the space and cyberspace domains into a single nexus. Moreover, it may integrate both military and commercial space-cyber capabilities as essential elements of power.

The Colloquium is transdisciplinary and includes thought-provoking and exploratory papers, selected via a competitive Call for Papers, from multiple discipline including strategic studies, international relations, international law, and international political economy, as well as. contributions from active and retired defense/government personnel.

The Book

The Colloquium will lead to a final report to be submitted to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force, as well as to policymakers in D.C., and published as an edited book by Cambridge University Press.

The Project

Indiana University’s Space Governance Lab launched a 3-year research project funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (2024-2027): Toward an Integrated Theory of Space-Cyber Power.

The project convenes a diverse epistemic community of scholars and experts, brokers of power, experienced statesmen, and military professionals to discuss and lay the foundations for a theory of space-cyber power. Through a series of focused workshops, wargames, and tabletop exercises, held under the Chatham rule, and the Colloquium, participants will engender commonly defined concepts, challenge prevailing conceptions, and seek to illuminate factors in metaphorical blind spots. The project was officially launched by Workshop 1: Launch! held in Washington D.C. on March 7, 2025. The Colloquium will be the second event as part of the project.

Indiana University’s Space Governance Lab has already made pioneering research contributions in identifying, signaling, and studying the space-cyber nexus and with the introduction of the nation’s first academic courses on space cybersecurity and space-cyber governance. This project builds and adds on this previous work.

Agenda


Day 1 - November 5th, 2025

Introduction

9:00-9:15am


Introduction: The Need for A Theory of Space-Cyber Power and Its Concepts

Organizers: Prof. Scott Shackelford (PI), Prof. Eytan Tepper (Co-PI, Project Manager)

 

Session 1: Theories of Power

 

9:15-9:30


The Evolution of Air, Sea, and Land Power and its Application to Space Cyber Power

Moderators:

9:30-10:00


Beyond Terrestrial Realms: Translating Clausewitzian Order of Battle Concepts for Integrated Space-Cyber Power

Mahesa B. Suprobo - 533d Training Squadron Detachment 2 Commander
United States Space Force

10:00-10:30


Strategic Dissonance in the Space-Cyber Nexus: Temporal Asymmetry, Perception, and Instability in the Algorithmic Age

Ariel (Phantitra) Phuphaphantakarn - Graduate Student
Middlebury Institute of International Studies

10:30-11:00


From Theory to Practice: Defining Space Cyber Power

Clemence Poirier - Senior Cyberdefense Researcher
Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich

11:00-11:15

 

Break

 

 

Session 2: The Space-Cyber Nexus as a Warfighting Domain

 

 


Theme: The Space-Cyber Nexus as a Warfighting Domain

11:15-11:30


The Emergence of the Space-Cyber Nexus as a Warfighting Domain

11:30-12:00


On the Suitability of Cyber Warfare in the Space Domain

Jacob Oakley - Adjunct Professor
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

12:00-12:30


Battling for the final frontier: Geopolitical rivalries, cyberthreats, and the imperatives of outer space cybersecurity

Anahiby Becerril - Vice President
Academia Mexicana de Ciberseguridad y Derecho Digital (AMCID)

12:30-1:00


Lunch

 


Theme: Space Cybersecurity and its Discontents 

1:00-1:30


A Primer on Space Cybersecurity

Keely Podosin - Graduate Student
Herbert Lin - Senior Research Scholar, Center for International Security and Cooperation Research Fellow, Hoover Institution

Stanford University

1:30-2:00


Inconsistency and Volatility in United State Space Cybersecurity Policy

Rob Frieden - Academy and Emeritus Professor of Telecommunications and Law
Penn State University

 2:00-2:15


Break

 


Theme: Space as Critical Infrastructure

2:15-2:45


Satellites, Sovereignty, and Security: The Rise of Space as Critical Infrastructure in Great Power Competition

Elie Alhajjar - Senior Policy Researcher
RAND

2:45-3:15


Critical Infrastructure as Power: Toward a Strategic Theory of the Space-Cyber Nexus

Deborah Housen-Couriel - Adjunct Professor - Hebrew University
Gil Baram - Bar Ilan University - Senior Lecturer (US Associate Professor)

3:15-3:45


Space Critical Infrastructure: Governance, Legal Challenges, and a Model for the Space Economy and Space Power

Nick Reese - Adjunct Professor
New York University

3:45-4:00


Break

4:00-4:30


The Power of Secure Power for Deep-Space Exploration

David A. Koch - Research Engineer
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

4:30-5:00


Unveiling the Shadows: Examining the Background of Space Supply Chains

Antonio Carlo - Coordinator
Space Generation Advisory Council


Day 2 - November 6th, 2025

Introduction

 9:00-9:15am


Day 2 Introduction

Organizers: Prof. Scott Shackelford (PI), Prof. Eytan Tepper (Co-PI, Project Manager)

 

Session 3: Law, Ethics, and the Future of the Final Frontier

 

9:15-9:45


Just War is Space: Does the Character of Space Warfare Demand a Revisionist Account of Just War Theory?

Magdalena T. Bogacz - Assistant Professor of Military and Security Studies
Johns Hopkins University & the United States Space Force

9:45-10:15


Cybersecurity in Orbit: The Attribution Advantage

Francesca Giannoni-Crystal - 
Charles Stotler - Professor of Practice of Law Director, Center for Air and Space Law

University of Mississippi

10:15-10:45


A Struggle for the Core: What the Diplomatic Battle over the Creation of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 Reveal About the Cyber-Space Nexus

Thomas Breece Lowe - Graduated Senior
Yale University

10:45-11:15


Make It So: A Human-Centered Approach to Space Cybersecurity

Vivek Krishnamurthy - Associate Professor
University of Colorado Law School

11:15-11:30

 

Break

 

11:30-12:00


The 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the Problem of Corporate Appropriation: Quo Vadis?

Afonso Seixas-Nunes - Assistant Professor of Law
University of Saint Louis School of Law

12:00-12:30


Applicability of International Space and Cybersecurity Law: the State Responsibility for AI-Enabled Satellite Surveillance in the Space-Cyber Nexus

Max Fang - Lead Researcher for Data and Cyber Programs - Ostrom Workshop
James Romano - Vice President, Space Law Society - IU Maurer School of Law

12:30-1:00


Lunch

 

Session 4: The Role of the Commercial Space Industry in Space-Cyber Power

 

1:00-1:15


Panel: Space-Cyber Power Derives from the Strength of both Military and Civilian Fleets

1:15-1:45


Privatizing Space Power: Revisiting Article VI and the Corporate Challenge to International Space Governance

Matthew Zellner - Judge Advocate, Operations and International Law, Space Law Division
United States Air Force

1:45-2:15


Lessons From the Ancient Romans: Public-Private Governance of Sea and Air Frontiers

Grzegorz Blicharz - Associate Professor
Jagiellonian University in Kraków

2:15-2:45


Competitiveness in the space innovation ecosystem

Sameeksha Desai - Associate Professor 
Indiana University

2:45-3:00


Break

3:00-3:30


Bridging Earth and Space: The Role of Trade in Shaping Bilateral Space Agreements

Christos A Makridis - Associate Professor
Arizona State University

 

Session 5: The Space-Cyber Nexus: Strategy and Security in the 21st Century

 

3:30-4:00


Glory, Gold, and God: Terrestrial Lessons Informing Security Issues on the Space Frontier

Roger D. Launius - Retired
NASA/Smithsonian’s Air and Space Museum

4:00-4:30


The Problem with Paradigms: Overcoming Barriers to an Integrated Theory of Space-Cyber Power

James D. Kiras - Dean and Professor of Military Strategy and Security Studies
School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS), Air University

4:30-5:00


Integrated Deterrence in the Nexus of Space and Cyber

Gregory Daniel Miller - Dean of Space Education
US Space Force and Johns Hopkins University

 


Day 3 - November 7th, 2025

Introduction

 9:00-9:15am


Day 3 Introduction

Organizers: Prof. Scott Shackelford (PI), Prof. Eytan Tepper (Co-PI, Project Manager)

9:15-9:45


Eliminating Artificial Silos in the Age of Convergence: Revising Joint Doctrine for Space and Cyberspace Operations to Enable Space-Cyber Power Projection

Jonathan K. Sawmiller - Deputy Staff Judge Advocate
U.S. Space Command

9:45-10:15


Acquiring Dominance/Hegemony/Leadership in the Global Commons in the Twenty-first Century

William R. Thompson - Distinguished and Rogers Professor Emeritus, Political Science
Indiana University

10:15-10:45


The Space-Cyber Nexus in 21st Century Grand Strategy: Organizing Polycentric Regionalism

Kun-Chin Lin - Professor of Military and Security Studies
US Space Force STARCOM Delta 13, and SAIS-Johns Hopkins

10:45-11:15


Bridging Space Cyber Governance and Strategic Stability

Gabriel Mahns - Student
University of Mississippi School of Law

11:15-11:30


Conclusion: Toward an Integrated Theory of Space-Cyber Power