Subject bibliography on the tragedy of the commons
This page was last updated June 2022.
Acheson, J.M. 2000. "Varieties of Institutional Failure." Constituting the Commons: Crafting Sustainable Commons in the New Millennium, 8th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bloomington, IN. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/577
Adams, W.M., D. Brockington, J. Dyson, and B. Vira. 2003. "Managing Tragedies: Understanding Conflict over Common Pool Resources." Science 302(5652):1915-1916.
Aguilera-Klink, F. 1994. "Some Notes on the Misuse of Classic Writings in Economics on the Subject of Common Property." Ecological Economics 9(3):221-228.
Aguilera-Klink, F. 1991. "The Tragedy of the Commons or the Tragedy of Misinterpretation in Economics?" 2ndBiennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Winnipeg, MB.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2347
Al-Fattal, R. 2009. "The Tragedy of the Commons: Institutions and Fisheries Management at the Local and EU Levels." Review of Political Economy 21(4):537-547.
Alin, J.M., D.D. Primus, and I.A. Razli. 2006. "The Roles of Eco-Entrepreneurs in Conserving Common Pool Resources: Wildlife and Natural Areas in Sipadan Island." Survival of the Commons: Mounting Challenges and New Realities, 11th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bali, Indonesia. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/627
Allen, W.E. 1998. "Sustainable Resource Economies versus Extractive Surplus Economies in the Canadian Subarctic: A Reassessment of Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons." (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara).
Altieri, M.A. 2003. "Fatal Harvest: Old and New Dimensions of the Ecological Tragedy of Modern Agriculture."Journal of Business Administration 30-31:239-263.
Amadae, S.M. 2004. "Bargaining with the Devil: Commentary on the Ostroms' 'Quest for Meaning in Public Choice'." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 63(1):161-165.
Amir, R. and N. Nannerup. 2006. "Information Structure and the Tragedy of the Commons in Resource Extraction." Journal of Bioeconomics 8(2):147-165.
Andelson, R.V., ed. 1991. Commons without Tragedy: The Social Ecology of Land Tenure and Democracy. London: Center for Incentive Taxation.
Anderies, J.M. and M. Janssen. 2008. "Coordination and Cooperation in Asymmetric Commons Dilemmas." Tragedy of the Commons 40th Anniversary Retrospective, Adrian College, Adrian, MI.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/7910
Anderson, E.N. 1987. "A Malaysian Tragedy of the Commons." In The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
Anderson, E.N. and B.R. Warren. 1998. "Reevaluating the Tragedy of the Commons." Conservation Biology12(6).
Anderson, J.M. 1977. "A Model of the Commons." In Managing the Commons. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Anderson, T. L. and P.J. Hill. 2002. "Cowboys and Contracts." Journal of Legal Studies 31(2, Part 2):S489-S514.
Anderson, T.L. and L.E. Huggins. 2006. "Cows, Canoes, and Condos: Blending the Old West with the New." Property and Environment Research Center, Bozeman, MT. (PERC Policy Series, no. PS-36).
Andersson, K. 1996. "The Tragedy of the Common Forest: Why the Pacific Northwest Forest Conflict is a 'No Technical Solution' Problem." Oregon Daily Emerald
Aoki, K. 1998. "Neocolonialism, Anticommons Property, and Biopiracy in the (Not-So-Brave) New World Order of International Intellectual Property Protection." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 6(1):11-38.
Appell, G.N. 1993. "Hardin's Myth of the Commons: The Tragedy of Conceptual Confusions." Social Transformation and Adaptation Research Institute, Phillips, ME. (Working Paper, no. 8).http://hdl.handle.net/10535/4532
Arlinghaus, R. 2014. "Are Current Research Evaluation Metrics Causing a Tragedy of the Scientific Commons and the Extinction of University-Based Fisheries Programs." Fisheries 39: 212-215.
Arvanitidis, P.A., et al. 2015. "Water Resource Management in Larisa: A 'Tragedy of the Commons?'" InSustainable Water Use and Management: Examples of New Approaches and Perspectives. Switzerland: Springer International.
Avraham, R. and K.A.D. Camara. 2007. "The Tragedy of the Human Commons." Cardozo Law Review29(2):479-512. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/5067
Axelrod, P. and M. Fuerch. 2006. "Common Ground: Risk, Scarcity, and Shared Resources in Goan Agriculture." Human Ecology 34(1):79-98.
Azevedo Luíndia, L.E. 2004. "Ecoturismo en Sociedades Indígenas ¿Una Propuesta Sostenible?" The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, 10th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/163
Babu, P.V.S.C. and J.B. Dent. 1996. "Common Property Resource Management in Haryana State, India: A Success Story of the Rehabilitation of Degraded Village Common Lands." Voices from the Commons, 6thBiennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Berkeley, CA.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/301
Bacho, F.Z.L. and S.Z. Bonye. 2004. "From Public Open Access to Common Property: The Prospects and Challenges of Institutionalizing Boundaries for Managing Community Dams in the Upper East Region, Ghana." (Working Paper)
Baden, J.A. 1998. "Communitarianism and the Logic of the Commons." In Managing the Commons. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Baden, J.A. 1977. "Neospartan Hedonists, Adult Toy Aficionados, and the Rationing of Public Lands." InManaging the Commons. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Baden, J.A. and D.S. Noonan, eds. 1998. Managing the Commons. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Bagnasco, A. 1999. "Teoria del Capitale Sociale." In Tracce di Comunità: Temi Derivati da un Concetto Ingombrante. Bologna, Italy: Società Editrice il Mulino.
Bailey, R. and B. Tierney. 2002. "Information Commons Redux: Concept, Evolution, and Transcending the Tragedy of the Commons." Journal of Academic Librarianship 28(5):277-286.
Baland, J.M. and J.P. Platteau. 1994. "Should Common Property Resources be Privatized? A Re-Examiniation of the Tragedy of the Commons." Faculte des Sciences economiques et sociales, Facultes Universitaire Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium. (Development, no. 143). http://hdl.handle.net/10535/5649
Baland, J.M. and J.P. Platteau. 1993. "A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Local-Level Management of Environmental Resources." Facultés Universitaires Norte-Dame de la Paix, Faculté des Sciences Economiques et Sociales, NAMUR, Belgium.
Balaram, P. 2004. "The Deepening Tragedy of the Commons: Editorial." Current Science 87(8):1027-1028.
Balint, P.J. 2007. "A Proposed General Model for Southern African Community-Based Wildlife Management."Human Dimensions of Wildlife 12(3):169-179.
Bang, M. 1997. Common Ground: The Water, Earth, and Air We Share. New York: Blue Sky.
Baquero, F. and J. Campos. 2003. "The Tragedy of the Commons in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy." Revista Española de Quimioterapia 16(1):11-13.
Barbanell, E.M. 1999. "Private Property and Common-Property Arrangements: The Case of Water in the West." (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Utah).
Barclay, P. 2004. "Trustworthiness and Competitive Altruism Can also Solve the 'Tragedy of the Commons'."Evolution and Human Behavior 25(4):209-220.
Basurto, X., et al. 2012. "The Emergence of Access Controls in Small-Scale Fishing Commons: A Comparative Analysis of Individual Licenses and Common Property-Rights in Two Mexican Communities." Human Ecology40:597-609.
Basurto, X. 2005. "How Locally Designed Access and Use Controls Can Prevent the Tragedy of the Commons in a Mexican Small-Scale Fishing Community." Society and Natural Resources 18(7):643-659.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2913
Basurto, X. and E. Ostrom. 2009. "Beyond the Tragedy of the Commons." Economia Delle Fonti di Energia e dell'Ambiente 52(1):35-60. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/4506
Basurto, X. and E. Ostrom. 2009. "The Core Challenges of Moving Beyond Garrett Hardin." Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 1(3):255-259. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2662
Batterham, R.J. 2003. "Ten Years of Sustainability: Where Do we go from Here?" Chemical Engineering Science 58(11):2167-2179.
Becchetti, L., P. Conzo, and G.D. Antoni. 2011. "Public Disclosure of Players' Conduct and Common Resources Harvesting: Experimental Evidence from a Nairobi Slum." (CEIS Working Paper No. 200).http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1878513
Begossi, A. 1993. "Fishing Spots and Sea Tenure in Atlantic Forest Fishing Communities." Common Property in Ecosystems under Stress, 4th Annual Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Manila, Philippines, June 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1831
Bell, F.W. 1986. "Mitigating the Tragedy of the Commons." Southern Economic Journal 52:653-664.
Bennett, P. 2000. "Mutuality at a Distance? Risk and Regulation in Marine Insurance Clubs." Environment and Planning A 32(1):147-163.
Berg, B.A. 1995. "Government Intervention into Saami Reindeer-Management in Norway: Has it Prevented or Provoked 'Tragedy of the Commons'?" Reinventing the Commons, Fifth annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bodoe, Norway, May 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/647
Berg, T.R. 2011. "Tragedy? What Tragedy? Swords of Damocles and the Cast of Institutionally Eroding Common Property Regime Irrigation in Nepal." Sustaining Commons: Sustaining Our Future, the Thirteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Hyderabad, India, January 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/7350
Berge, E. 2003. "Joining the Northern Commons: Lessons for the World, Lessons from the World (Opening Address)." Presented at Joining the Northern Commons: Lessons for the World, Lessons from the World, Anchorage, August 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2340
Berkes, F. et al. 2006. "Globalization, Roving Bandits, and Marine Resources." Science 311(5767):1557-1558.
Berkes, F. 1998. "Do Resource Users Learn from Management Disasters? Indigenous Management and Social Learning in James Bay." Crossing Boundaries, Seventh Annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1026
Berkes, F. 1996. "Social Systems, Ecological Systems, and Property Rights." In Rights to Nature: Ecological, Economic, Cultural, and Political Principles of Institutions for the Environment. S.S. Hanna et al., eds. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Berkes, F. 1993. "The Interface between Natural and Social Systems." Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, September 1998.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/360
Berkes, F. 1985. "Fishermen and 'The Tragedy of the Commons'." Environmental Conservation 12(3):199-206.
Berkes, F., D. Feeny, B.J. McCay, and J.M. Acheson. 1989. "Las Ventajas de los Recursos Comunitarios."Hombre y Ambiente 11:111-123.
Berkes, F. and A. Kence. 1987. "Fisheries and the Prisoner's Dilemma Game: Conditions for the Evolution of Cooperation among Users of Common Property Resources." (Working Paper)http://hdl.handle.net/10535/3688
Berkes, F. and A.H. Smith. 1991. "Coastal Marine Property Rights: The Second Transformation." In Philippine Coastal Resources under Stress. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Coastal Resources Research Network, Dalhousie University.
Berkowitz, D. and W. Li. 2000. "Tax Rights in Transition Economies: A Tragedy of the Commons?" Journal of Public Economics 76(3):369-397.
Berkowitz, D.M. 1997. "Decentralization in Transition Economies: A Tragedy of the Commons?" Center for International Business Education and Research, Duke University, Durham, NC. (CIBER Working Paper, no. 97-005).
Bermeo, N. et al. 2010. "Beyond the Tragedy of the Commons: A Discussion of Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action." Perspectives on Politics 8(2):569-593.
Beuret, J.-E., F. Lasbennes, L. Delmas, and S. Denis. 2004. "Community Privatisation of Resources and the 'Tragedy of Exclusion': Problems and Alternatives." The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, Tenth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/287
Bimonte, S. 2008. "The 'Tragedy of Tourism Resources' as the Outcome of a Strategic Game: A Newly Analytical Framework." Ecological Economics 67(3):457-464.
Binmore, K. 2007. "Getting Locked In." In Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Birner, R. 1998. "The Political Economy of Change in Property Regimes: A Case Study from Sri Lanka." Crossing Boundaries, Seventh annual conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1110
Bischoff, I. 2007. "Institutional Choice versus Communication in Social Dilemmas: An Experimental Approach."Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 62(1):20-36.
Bish, R.L. 1988. "Federalism: A Market-Economics Perspective." In Public Choice and Constitutional Economics. J.D. Gwartney and R.E. Wagner, eds. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. (Political Economy and Public Policy, vol. 6).
Blackmar, E. 2006. "Appropriating 'the Commons': The Tragedy of Property Rights Discourse." In The Politics of Public Space. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Blewett, R.A. 1994. "Property Rights as a Cause of the Tragedy of the Commons: Institutional Change and the Pastoral Maasai in Kenya." Annual Meeting of the Public Choice Society, Austin, TX, April 1994.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/7921
Bocking, R. 2003. "Reclaiming the Commons." Earth Day Discussion for First Unitarian Church of Victoria, BC, April 2003.
Boda, Z. 2003. "Global Environmental Commons and the Need for Ethics." Society and Economy 25(2):213-224.
Boening, F. 1998. "No hacer daño: Elinor Ostrom y 'lo común'." Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, Rome, Italy.
Bogale, A., K. Hagedorn, and B. Korf. 2004. "Resource Entitlements and Conflict Management in Common Grazing Lands: The Case of Yerer and Daketa Valleys, Eastern Ethiopia." The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, Tenth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1025
Bollier, D. 2001. "Reclaiming the American Commons." New America Foundation Conference on Reclaiming the American Commons, National Press Club, Washington, DC, March 2001.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/4727
Bousquet, F. et al. 1996. "Tragedy of the Commons, Game Theory and Spatial Simulation of Complex Systems." Ecological Economics.
Boyle, J. 2003. "Foreword: The Opposite of Property?" In The Public Domain. J. Boyle, ed. Durham, NC: School of Law, Duke University. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2926
Bravo, G. 2004. "Gaia, Our New Common: Some Preliminary Questions on Earth System Science and Common-Pool Resources Theory in the Study of Global Human/Environment Relationships." The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, Tenth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 2004.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1975
Bravo, G. 2002. "Ne Tragedia, ne Commedia: La Teoria dei "Commons" e la Sfida della Complessita (Neither Tragedy nor Comedy: The Theory of the Commons and the Challenge of Complexity)." Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia 43(4):633-646.
Brede, M. and F. Boschetti. 2009. "Commons and Anticommons in a Simple Renewable Resource Harvest Model." Ecological Complexity 6(1):56-63.
Breton, Y. 1987. "The Common Property Theory and the Social Anthropology of Fishing: The Pitfalls of Problem Formulation." SSHRC Occasional Scholarly Conference on Emerging Common Property Theory for Resource Management, Brock Universiy, St. Catherines.
Briassoulis, H. 2002. "Sustainable Tourism and the Question of the Commons." Annals of Tourism Research29(4):1065-1085.
Broad, W.J. 2011. "Loving the Chambered Nautilus to Death." The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/science/25nautilus.html?_r=2&hp
Bromley, D.W. 1992. "The Commons, Common Property, and Environmental Policy." Environmental and Resource Economics 2:1-17.
Brouwer, R. 1995. "Common Goods and Private Profits: Traditional and Modern Communal Land Management in Portugal." Human Organization 54(3):283-295. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1386
Brown, J.R. 2000. "Privatizing the University: The New Tragedy of the Commons." Science 290:1701-1702.
Brown, K.M. and B. Slee. 2002. "Salience and Its Implications for Common-Pool Resource Management in Scotland: A Tragedy of a Different Kind?" The Commons in an Age of Globalisation, Ninth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, June 2002.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1612
Brox, O. 1998. "The Politics of Common Resource Management." In Commons in a Cold Climate: Coastal Fisheries and Reindeer Pastoralism in North Norway: The Co-Management Approach. Pearl River, NY: Parthenon.
Brox, O. 1990. "The Common Property Theory: Epistemological Status and Analytical Utility." Human Organization 49(3):227-235.
Brubaker, E.R. 1997. "The Tragedy of the Public Budgetary Commons." Independent Review 1(3):353-371.
Bruce, J., J. Strasma, and E. Friedman. 1995. "New Directions in Land Policies." In Transition of China's Rural Land System: Papers from the International Symposium on Rural Land Issues in China. Madison, WI: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Bruch, C. and J. Pendergrass. 2003. "Type II Partnerships, International Law, and the Commons." Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 15(4):855-880.
Bryan, T. 2004. "Tragedy Averted: The Promise of Collaboration." Society and Natural Resources 17(10):881-896.
Buck, S.J. 2003. "No Tragedy on the Commons." In Environment in the New Global Economy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/3113
Buck, S.J. 1985. "Flawed Perceptions in the Foundations of Public Policy: The Case of Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons." Annual Meeting Southern Political Science Association, Nashville, TN, 1985.
Bullock, S.D. and S.R. Lawson. 2008. "Managing the 'Commons' on Cadillac Mountain: A Stated Choice Analysis of Acadia National Park Visitors' Preferences." Leisure Sciences 30(1):71-86.
Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1998. "The Tragedy of the Commons Thirty Years Later." Environment 40(10):4-27.
Butler, J.N. et al. 1993. "The Bermuda Fisheries: A Tragedy of the Commons Averted?" Environment 35(1):7-24.
Buzbee, W.W. 2003. "Recognizing the Regulatory Commons: A Theory of Regulatory Gaps." Iowa Law Review89(1):1-64. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/6289
Byrd, G.D. 1990. "An Economic 'Commons' Tragedy for Research Libraries: Scholarly Journal Publishing and Pricing Trends." College & Research Libraries 51(3):184-195.
Cairns, J. 2003. "The Unmanaged Commons: A Major Challenge for Sustainability Ethics." The Social ContractXIV (2):136-145.
Cao, J., et al. 2013. "The Effects of Enclosures and Land-Use Contracts on Rangeland Degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Arid Environments 97:3-8.
Cardenas, J.C. 1999. "Real Wealth and Experimental Cooperation: Evidence from Field Experiments." (Working Paper)
Cardenas, J.C. and E. Ostrom. 2006. "How Norms Help Reduce the Tragedy of the Commons: A Multi-Layer Framework for Analyzing Field Experiments." In Norms and the Law. New York: Cambridge University Press.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/5117
Carlsson, B. 2001. "The Tragedy of the Commons: Arms Race within Peer-to-Peer Tools." Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2203:119-133.
Carpenter, S.R. 2000. "Sustainability and Common-Pool Resources: Alternatives to Tragedy." Society for Philosophy and Technology 3(4) http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2717
Caruthers, C. 1998. "International Cultural Property: Another Tragedy of the Commons." Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal 7(1).
Casari, M. and C. Plott. 2000. "Keeping an Eye on Your Neighbors: Agents Monitoring and Sanctioning One Another in a Common-Pool Resource Environment." Constituting the Commons: Crafting Sustainable Commons in the New Millennium, Eighth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Bloomington, IN. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/470
Casimir, M.J. and A. Rao. 1998. "Sustainable Herd Management and the Tragedy of No Man's Land: An Analysis of West Himalyan Pastures Using Remote Sensing Techniques." Human Ecology 26(1).
Cavendish, W. 1998. "The Complexity of the Commons: Environmental Resource Demands in Rural Zimbabwe." Centre for the Study of African Economies, Institute of Economics and Statistics, University of Oxford, UK. (Working Paper Series, no. 99-8).
Cesar, H.S. 1994. Control and Game Models of the Greenhouse Effect: Economics Essays on the Comedy and Tragedy of the Commons. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Chakravarty-Kaul, M. 2004. "Land Reforms or a Tragedy of the Commons? Kanjhawala Cluster in Delhi and the Punjab." The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, Tenth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 2004.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1720
Chakravarty-Kaul, M. 1992. "Legal Traditions and Inequality: Customs, Law, and the Commons." Inequality and the Commons, Third Annual Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Washington, DC, September 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1731
Chambers, A. 1991. "The Paradox of the Commons." Second Annual Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Winnipeg, MB, September 1991.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/2250
Cheng, A.S. 2002. "The Maturation of Common-Pool Resources Management: Book review of Protecting the Commons: a Framework for Resource Management in the Americas." Conservation Biology 16(3):847-850.
Chichilnisky, G. 2005. "The Kyoto Protocol: Property Rights and Efficiency of Markets." In Institutions, Sustainability, and Natural Resources: Institutions for Sustainable Forest Management. Dordrecht: Springer.
Ciriacy-Wantrup, S.V. 1971. "The Economics of Environmental Policy." Land Economics 47(1):36-45.
Ciriacy-Wantrup, S.V. and R.C. Bishop. 1975. "'Common Property' as a Concept in Natural Resource Policy."Natural Resources Journal 15:713-727.
Clancy, E.A. 1998. "The Tragedy of the Global Commons." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 5:601-620.
Clausen, R. and S.B. Longo. 2012. "The Tragedy of the Commodity and the Farce of AquAdvantage Salmon®."Development and Change 43:229-251.
Cole, D.H. 2000. "New Forms of Private Property: Property Rights in Environmental Goods." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. Northampton, MA: Elgar.
Cole, D.H. and P.Z. Grossman. 2010. "Institutions Matter! Why the Herder Problem is not a Prisoner's Dilemma." Theory and Decision 69(2):219-231.
Conybeare, J.A.C. and T. Sandler. 1993. "State-Sponsored Violence as a Tragedy of the Commons: England's Privateering Wars with France and Spain, 1625-1630." Public Choice 77:879-897.
Copeland, B.R. and M.S. Taylor. 2009. "Trade, Tragedy, and the Commons." American Economic Review99(3):725-749.
Cornes, R. 2008. "Global Public Goods and Commons: Theoretical Challenges for a Changing World."International Tax and Public Finance 15(4):353-359.
Cornes, R. and T. Sandler. 1983. "On Commons and Tragedies." American Economic Review 83(4):787-792.
Cortina, S. and G. Brachet. 2004. "Pesquería del Abulón: Una Alternativa a la Tragedia de los Comunes en México." The Commons in an Age of Global Transition: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities, Tenth Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 2004.http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1877
Costanza, R. 1987. "Social Traps and Environmental Policy: Why do Problems Persist When There are Technical Solutions Available?" BioScience 37(6):407-412.
Coughlin, J.F. 1994. "The Tragedy of the Concrete Commons: Defining Traffic Congestion as a Public Problem." In The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
Cramer, J. 2014. "Saving our Health Care from the Tragedy of the Commons." Deseret News.
Crès, H. and H. Moulin. 1998. "Free Access to the Commons: Random Priority versus Average Cost." (Working Paper)
Crowe, B.L. 1977. "The Tragedy of the Commons Revisited." In Managing the Commons. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Dagan, H. and M.A. Heller. 2001. "The Liberal Commons." The Yale Law Journal 110:549-623.
Dahlman, C.J. 1991. "The Tragedy of the Commons that Wasn't; On Technical Solutions to the Institutions Game." Population and Environment 12(3):285-296.
Damodaran, A. 1991. "Tragedy of the Commons and Comedy of Common Property Resources." Economic and Political Weekly 26(38):2213-2215.
Daniels, B. 2007. "Emerging Commons and Tragic Institutions." Environmental Law 37:515-571.
Dari-Mattiacci, G. and N. Garoupa. 2009. "Least Cost Avoidance: The Tragedy of Common Safety." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 25(1):235-261. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=560062
Dasgupta, P. 1982. The Control of Resources. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Dasgupta, P. and E. Maskin. 1998. "Democracy and Other Goods." Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. (Beijer Discussion Paper Series no. 117).
David, P.A. 2000. "A Tragedy of the Public Knowledge 'Commons'? Global Science, Intellectual Property and the Digital Technology Boomerang." Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. (SIEPR Discussion Paper, no. 00-02). http://hdl.handle.net/10535/3756
Davis, P.M. 2003. "Tragedy of the Commons Revisited: Librarians, Publishers, Faculty and the Demise of a Public Resource." Portal: Libraries and the Academy 3(4):547-562.
Davoren, W.T. 1982. "Tragedy of the San Francisco Bay Commons." Coastal Zone Management Journal9(2):111-154.
Dawes, R.M. 1973. "The Commons Dilemma Game: An N-Person Mixed-Motive Game with a Dominating Strategy for Defection." ORI Research Bulletin 13(2) Oregon Research Institute.
de Vasconcelos, V.V.L. 2012. "The Role of Sanctioning in the Evolutionary Dynamics of Collective Action." (Working Paper)
Deadman, P.J. 1999. "Modelling Individual Behaviour and Group Performance in an Intelligent Agent-Based Simulation of the Tragedy of the Commons." Journal of Environmental Policy 56(3):159-172.
Deilami, I. 1991. "Unitization of a Common Oil Pool: Theory and Evidence." (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California-Davis, 1991).
Derman, W. and A. Hellum. 2002. "Neither Tragedy nor Enclosure: Are There Inherent Human Rights in Water Management in Zimbabwe's Communal Lands?" European Journal of Development Research 14(2):31-50.
Diekert, F.K. 2012. "The Tragedy of the Commons from a Game-Theoretic Perspective." Sustainability 4:1776-1786.
Dietz, T. and A.D. Henry. 2008. "Context and the Commons." PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(36):13189-13190.
Dietz, T., E. Ostrom, and P.C. Stern. 2003. "The Struggle to Govern the Commons." Science 302(5652):1907-1912.
Dinger, V., S. Steinkamp, and F. Westermann. 2014. "The Tragedy of the Commons and Inflation Bias in the Euro Area." Open Economies Review 25:71-91.
Dionisio, F. and I. Gordo. 2007. "Controlling Excludability in the Evolution of Cooperation." Evolutionary Ecology Research 9(2):365-373.
Dipert, R.R. 2001. "Sidestepping the Tragedy of the Commons." In The Commons: Its Tragedies and Other Follies. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution.
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